A noun is a word used as the name of a person, a thing, quality or action existing or conceived by the mind; substantive. We have different types of nouns;
A proper noun is the name of an individual person, places or as Mazi, Ikechukwu, Uchechi, Nnenna, Nwabueze, Ngozi, Afo, Nkechi, Ihuoma, Ezinne, Ebube, Nkoli, Ifeoma, Nwamaka(Amaka), Nnamdi, Ndubuisi, Edwin, Gladys, Melody, Nicole, Sandra, Rayness, Ellen, Anna, Christian, Fred and Eric. (Note, a lot of Igbo people answer English names. Some have Igbo names as second names which are hardly used). In extreme conditions, some have both English names as first and last names(surnames). Example Ray Johnson.
A common noun is the name an individual object has in common with others of its class, as man, city, hill.
A collective noun is one expressing a collection or aggregate of individuals, as assembly, army.
An abstract noun is one indication a quality, as goodness, beauty.
Pronoun: A word used as a substitute for a noun such as I, he, she, that. Pronouns are referred to as being in First Person, Second Person and Third person. First Person is the person speaking; Second Person is the person being spoken to; and third person is the person being spoken about(of). Although, there are many types of pronouns, we will only concentrate on personal, possessive, demonstrative and interrogative pronouns:
Personal Pronouns: A personal pronoun is a pronoun that is used as a substitute for a “proper” or “common” noun. For example, in English the personal pronouns are I, you, he, she, we and they. Fortunately, in Igbo these are easy to learn:
PERSON (MADỤ)
|
SINGULAR |
PLURAL |
|
1st person |
m, mụ; I
|
Anyi, we
|
|
2nd person |
ị, i; Gị you
|
Unu, you
|
|
3rd person |
ọ, o; he/she/it ọ
o
Note the difference between the two. "ọ" pronounced as "or" in English has a dot under "o". "O" is pronounced as in Orange. |
Ha, they
Fa, they
|
Possessive Pronoun: A possessive pronoun is pronoun that is used to express possession. For example, in the phrase, “My cat is hungry” the word “my” is the possessive pronoun. In Igbo the possessive pronouns are a bit tricky and requires some special attention because the sentence structure between Igbo and English is different. Usually, the possessive pronoun comes after what is being possessed.
For instance:
IGBO SENTENCES |
ENGLISH SENTENCES
|
Agụ na-agụ Nwamba m
Agụ = hunger;
na-agụ = is catching;
Nwamba = Cat (noun);
m = possessive pronoun
Literal meaning: Hunger is catching my cat
|
My cat is hungry ( My = possessive pronoun; Cat = noun;
is = verb; hungry = object)
|
Singular version: Ọ chọrọ ụgbọ m
Ọ chọlụ ụgbọ m
|
He wants my car Ụgbọ = car
Ụgbọ =car
|
Singular version: Ọ biara n’ụlọ m
Ọ bialụ n’ụnọ m
|
He came to my house
|
Plural version Ha biara n’ụlọ m
Fa bịalụ n’ụnọ m
|
They came to my house Ha = they
Fa=they
Ụlọ=House
Ụnọ=House
|
Demonstrative Pronouns: A demonstrative pronoun is a word used to distinguish one thing from something else. In English the equivalents are “this, that, these and those”. In Igbo language the singular words for demonstrative pronouns are” “Nke a = This”; Nke ahụ = That or Nke afụ (Nke anwa) = That”. The plural version are “Ndị a = These” and “Ndị ahu = Those” or “ Ndịa afụ(Ndị anwa) = Those”
IGBO SENTENCES |
ENGLISH SENTENCES |
Nke a bụ akwukwọ m
|
This is my book |
Nke ahu bụ nwa ya
Nke afụ bu nwa nya
bụ nwa ya Nke anwa
|
That is his child |
Plural: Ndi a bụ nke m
|
These are mine |
Ndi ahụ bụ nke gị
Ndị afụ bụ nke gi
Ndị anwa bu nke gi
|
Those are yours |
Interrogative Pronouns/Relative pronouns: Interrogative Pronouns or Question words include: “Who, what, which, whose, whom, where, when and why”. Overall these are pretty easy and straight forward to learn in Igbo.
IGBO SENTENCES |
ENGLISH SENTENCES |
Kedụ?
Kedụ ka ị dị?
|
How?
How are you? |
Onye? Onye ka Ị bụ?.
|
Who? Who are you? |
Gịnị?
Gịnị ka Ị na-eme?
----
|
What?
What do you do?
------ I am a student |
Nke Olee ?
Nke Onee ?
---------- Nke ole ka ị chọrọ?
Nke one ka ị chọlụ?
|
Which?
------ Which one do you want?
|
Nke onye?
Nke onye bụ akwụkwo ndị a
|
Whose? Whose books are these?
|
Ebe ole?
Ebe one?
Ebe ole ka ị na-aga
Ebe one ka I na-eje?
|
Where?
Where are you going?
|
Mgbe ole?
Oge one?
Mgbe ole ka ọ bịara?
Oge one ka ọ bịalu
|
When?
When did he come? |
Maka ginị?
Maka gini mere o ji bịa?
Maka gịnị ka o jilụ bia
|
Why? Why did he come?
|
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